What are the common types of cyberattacks?

 

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The main purpose of a firewall is to protect a network or device from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and malicious activities by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules.

1. Phishing

  • Description: Deceptive emails or messages that trick users into revealing sensitive information (e.g., passwords, credit card numbers).

  • Example: A fake email from “your bank” asking you to log in and verify your account.

2. Malware (Malicious Software)

  • Types include:

    • Viruses – Attach to clean files and spread.

    • Worms – Self-replicating and spread without human interaction.

    • Trojans – Disguised as legitimate software but carry harmful code.

    • Spyware – Secretly monitors user activity.

    • Ransomware – Encrypts files and demands payment to restore access.

3. Denial of Service (DoS) / Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

  • Description: Flooding a server, service, or network with traffic to exhaust resources and make it unavailable.

  • DDoS: Uses many devices (often part of a botnet) to launch a coordinated attack.

4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks

  • Description: Intercepting communication between two parties to steal or manipulate data.

  • Example: An attacker intercepts data between a user and a banking website.

5. SQL Injection

  • Description: Inserting malicious SQL code into a web form to access or manipulate a database.

  • Effect: Can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data (e.g., usernames, passwords).

6. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

  • Description: Injecting malicious scripts into webpages viewed by other users.

  • Effect: Can steal session cookies, hijack user sessions, or redirect users.

7. Credential Stuffing

  • Description: Using stolen username/password combinations from one breach to try and access accounts on other platforms.

  • Relies on: People reusing the same passwords across multiple sites.

8. Zero-Day Exploits

  • Description: Attacks targeting previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or hardware.

  • Risk: High, because there's no defense until a patch is developed.

9. Insider Threats

  • Description: Threats that originate from within the organization, such as disgruntled employees or careless users.

  • Can involve: Data theft, sabotage, or espionage.

10. Drive-by Downloads

  • Description: Downloading malware unintentionally by visiting a compromised or malicious website.

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