What are the common types of cyberattacks?
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The main purpose of a firewall is to protect a network or device from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and malicious activities by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules.
1. Phishing
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Description: Deceptive emails or messages that trick users into revealing sensitive information (e.g., passwords, credit card numbers).
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Example: A fake email from “your bank” asking you to log in and verify your account.
2. Malware (Malicious Software)
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Types include:
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Viruses – Attach to clean files and spread.
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Worms – Self-replicating and spread without human interaction.
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Trojans – Disguised as legitimate software but carry harmful code.
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Spyware – Secretly monitors user activity.
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Ransomware – Encrypts files and demands payment to restore access.
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3. Denial of Service (DoS) / Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
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Description: Flooding a server, service, or network with traffic to exhaust resources and make it unavailable.
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DDoS: Uses many devices (often part of a botnet) to launch a coordinated attack.
4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
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Description: Intercepting communication between two parties to steal or manipulate data.
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Example: An attacker intercepts data between a user and a banking website.
5. SQL Injection
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Description: Inserting malicious SQL code into a web form to access or manipulate a database.
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Effect: Can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data (e.g., usernames, passwords).
6. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
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Description: Injecting malicious scripts into webpages viewed by other users.
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Effect: Can steal session cookies, hijack user sessions, or redirect users.
7. Credential Stuffing
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Description: Using stolen username/password combinations from one breach to try and access accounts on other platforms.
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Relies on: People reusing the same passwords across multiple sites.
8. Zero-Day Exploits
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Description: Attacks targeting previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or hardware.
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Risk: High, because there's no defense until a patch is developed.
9. Insider Threats
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Description: Threats that originate from within the organization, such as disgruntled employees or careless users.
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Can involve: Data theft, sabotage, or espionage.
10. Drive-by Downloads
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Description: Downloading malware unintentionally by visiting a compromised or malicious website.
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