Define malware.

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Firewalls are like the security guards of a network—they monitor and control incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined security rules. Their main job is to protect your network from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches. 

Malware (short for malicious software) is any type of software designed to harm, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or data. It is created with the intent to damage, steal, spy on, or cause unwanted behavior in a device or system.

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Types of Malware:

1. Viruses – Attach themselves to legitimate files and spread when the file is shared.

2. Worms – Self-replicating programs that spread through networks without user action.

3. Trojans – Disguise themselves as legitimate software but contain harmful code.

4. Spyware – Secretly monitors user activity and collects personal information.

5. Adware – Displays unwanted ads and may track browsing behavior.

6. Ransomware – Encrypts data and demands payment to restore access.

7. Rootkits – Hide deep within systems to give attackers long-term control.

8. Keyloggers – Record every keystroke to steal sensitive information like passwords.

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How Malware Spreads:

• Infected email attachments or links

• Fake software downloads

• Compromised websites

• USB drives or external storage

• Exploiting software vulnerabilities

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Protection Against Malware:

• Install and update antivirus software

• Keep systems and applications patched

• Avoid clicking on suspicious links or attachments

• Use strong passwords and enable 2FA

• Regularly back up important data

In summary, malware is a major cybersecurity threat used by hackers to disrupt systems, steal data, or extort users. Staying alert and practicing good security habits are key to preventing malware infections.

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